Best Homeschooling Options in Tennessee for Special Education

Homeschooling across the United States has gained renewed momentum. As of the 2022–23 school year, 3.4% of K–12 students were homeschooled, and by 2024, that number grew to about 3.7 million homeschooled students nationwide, representing nearly 7% of the school‑age population.

For families raising children with special education needs, this growing movement offers a chance to build a customized learning path. Homeschooling can deliver personalized attention and flexibility, something many traditional classrooms struggle to provide.

If you’re considering homeschooling your child with special needs in Tennessee, this guide outlines top options to help you find a path that fits your child’s learning style and your family’s circumstances.

Key Takeaways

1. Homeschooling in Tennessee is legally available, but parents must submit a Notice of Intent and maintain an academic portfolio to meet state requirements.

2. Special education services are not automatically available for homeschoolers in Tennessee; however, some districts may offer part-time access to therapies, such as speech or occupational therapy.

3. Homeschooling families are required to teach core subjects like math, reading, science, and social studies. Parents have the flexibility to choose a curriculum that works best for their child’s needs.

4. Standardized testing is mandatory for homeschooled children in grades 5, 7, and 9, with results submitted to the local school district as part of progress evaluations.

The Legal Guide to Homeschooling in Tennessee

Homeschooling in Tennessee is fully legal, but parents must adhere to specific requirements to ensure compliance with state laws. Here’s what you need to know to stay within the law when homeschooling your child in Tennessee:

1. Submit a Notice of Intent to Homeschool

To begin homeschooling in Tennessee, parents must submit a Notice of Intent to their local school district at least 30 days before the start of the school year. The notice should include basic information like your child’s name, age, and grade, as well as your educational plan. There’s no need to wait for approval, but the district must be informed.

2. Maintain an Academic Portfolio

Tennessee requires homeschooling parents to maintain an academic portfolio that includes records of attendance, subjects taught, and samples of student work. This portfolio must be kept up to date and available for review if requested by the district. It helps ensure that the child is making adequate academic progress.

3. Annual Assessments or Evaluations

Each year, homeschooling families must submit an annual evaluation of their child’s academic progress. This can be done in one of three ways:

• Standardized Testing: You can have your child take an approved test like the California Achievement Test (CAT) or Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS).

• Licensed Teacher Evaluation: You can also have a licensed teacher or psychologist evaluate your child’s progress.

• Portfolio Review: Some districts accept a portfolio review by a certified educator as proof of progress.

The results of the evaluation must be kept in the child’s portfolio.

4. Curriculum Requirements

Tennessee law specifies that homeschooling parents must provide an education that is equivalent to what is taught in public schools. The required subjects include language arts, math, science, social studies, and health. Parents are free to choose their own curriculum, but they must ensure it covers these core subjects.

5. Record‑Keeping and Reporting

Parents must maintain accurate records of their homeschooling activities, including attendance, progress, and any evaluations or assessments. While the state doesn’t require parents to submit these records on a regular basis, they must be available upon request by the school district.

6. Special Education Considerations

If a child with special education needs is being homeschooled, parents can still access certain services through the local school district. While the district is not required to provide these services to homeschool students, some districts offer accommodations such as speech therapy, occupational therapy, or other special education services. It's important to check with your local district for the availability of these services.

7. Stay Updated on Changes in the Law

Homeschooling laws can change, so it’s essential for parents to stay informed. Legal updates can be found through homeschooling associations, legal defense groups like Home School Legal Defense Association (HSLDA), or local school district websites.

Also Read: Different Preschool Teaching Methods: A Guide for Educators

Once you understand the legal requirements for homeschooling in Tennessee, it’s important to explore how homeschooling can specifically support children with common special needs, offering a personalized approach that addresses their unique learning requirements.

How Homeschooling Supports Common Special Needs

Homeschooling offers a flexible, individualized learning environment that can be especially beneficial for children with special needs. Understanding the unique requirements of different conditions can help parents and educators tailor their approach effectively. Here’s a breakdown of common special needs and how homeschooling can work for each:

1. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Children with autism often thrive in structured, predictable environments. Homeschooling provides the ability to create such an environment, with routines that minimize sensory overload and distractions. Key benefits of homeschooling for children with ASD include:

• Sensory Sensitivity Control: The ability to manage sensory inputs (light, noise, textures) to prevent overwhelm.

• Individualized Support: Tailoring teaching methods to focus on the child’s strengths, such as visual aids, hands-on activities, or repetition, which are often effective for children with autism.

• Socialization Flexibility: Homeschooling allows for social interaction through co-ops, extracurricular activities, or therapy sessions, without the social pressures of a traditional classroom setting.

2. ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)

Children with ADHD benefit from a learning environment that allows for movement, shorter lessons, and regular breaks. Homeschooling can provide:

• Flexible Learning Schedule: The ability to break lessons into shorter, more manageable chunks, accommodating a child’s need for variety and movement.

• Personalized Attention: One-on-one interaction that helps minimize distractions and keeps the child engaged.

• Reduced External Distractions: A homeschool environment can minimize the distractions found in a traditional classroom, such as background noise, visual stimuli, and classroom interruptions.

3. Dyslexia

Dyslexia affects a child’s ability to read, write, and sometimes spell. Homeschooling allows for tailored approaches that address these specific learning challenges:

• Multisensory Learning: Using auditory, visual, and kinesthetic methods to help reinforce learning. Tools like audiobooks, phonics-based programs, and interactive learning apps can be particularly helpful.

• Pacing Flexibility: Children with dyslexia may need more time to process information, and homeschooling allows for lessons to be slowed down without pressure.

• Emphasis on Comprehension: Instead of focusing on decoding words, homeschooling allows parents to focus on reading comprehension and understanding, which can be just as important for children with dyslexia.

4. Down Syndrome

Children with Down syndrome often benefit from structured, consistent routines and an emphasis on life skills alongside academic learning. Homeschooling can offer:

• Life Skills Integration: Focusing on everyday skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interaction, which are crucial for children with Down syndrome.

• Individualized Teaching: Adapting teaching materials to be hands-on, visual, and repetitive, making learning more accessible and enjoyable.

• Therapy Integration: Homeschooling allows for more frequent integration of therapies (e.g., speech, physical therapy) without interfering with school schedules.

5. Speech and Language Disorders

Children with speech and language disorders can benefit from a homeschooling environment where therapy and education are integrated. Key advantages include:

• Speech Therapy Flexibility: The ability to schedule and integrate speech therapy into the learning day, making it more consistent and effective.

• Individualized Communication Strategies: Tailoring communication methods to the child’s needs, such as using sign language, augmentative devices, or other speech supports.

• Pacing and Repetition: Children can receive extra practice without the time constraints of a traditional classroom, reinforcing learning until mastery is achieved.

6. Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)

Children with SPD experience difficulty processing and responding to sensory input (e.g., sounds, textures, light). Homeschooling allows for:

• Customized Sensory Environment: Parents can create a sensory-friendly classroom with the right amount of lighting, sounds, and tactile experiences to help the child feel comfortable and focused.

• Flexible Breaks: Children with SPD may need frequent breaks to manage sensory overload, which can be easily accommodated through homeschooling.

• Hands-on Learning: Utilizing sensory-based activities such as tactile play, arts and crafts, or nature walks helps children with SPD engage more effectively.

7. Intellectual Disabilities

Children with intellectual disabilities often benefit from a more personalized, life-focused curriculum. Homeschooling offers:

• Adapted Learning Materials: Resources can be tailored to the child’s level of cognitive ability, providing age-appropriate content with adjusted expectations.

• Practical Learning: Focusing on functional life skills such as budgeting, cooking, and socializing, which helps these children build independence.

• Repetition and Reinforcement: Homeschooling allows for more repetition, helping children reinforce learning at their own pace.

8. Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Homeschooling can also be beneficial for children with emotional and behavioral disorders by offering a less stressful, more controlled learning environment. Benefits include:

• Reduced Social Stress: Children who struggle with anxiety, depression, or behavior issues may find homeschooling less overwhelming than traditional school settings.

• One-on-One Support: The ability to provide emotional and behavioral support immediately during challenging moments, without the fear of judgment or public issues.

• Behavioral Integration: Parents can work closely with therapists to integrate behavioral strategies into the daily routine and adjust the environment as needed.

Homeschooling offers numerous benefits for children with special education needs, providing a tailored approach to learning that can address various challenges. Now, let’s explore the specific homeschooling models and resources available in Tennessee that can best support children with special needs.

Homeschooling Models & Resources for Special Education in Tennessee

Choosing the right homeschooling model and resources for children with special education needs in Tennessee can make all the difference. Here’s a breakdown of the most effective models for special education homeschooling:

1. Microschooling

Microschools are small, personalized learning environments, typically with fewer than 10 students. This model offers a blend of homeschooling and traditional school, allowing for highly individualized instruction. It’s particularly beneficial for children with special needs who need extra attention and a smaller, more flexible environment.

TSHA (The School House Anywhere) can be a perfect fit for microschooling. TSHA offers a comprehensive, hands-on curriculum that can be seamlessly integrated into a microschool environment. Whether you’re starting a microschool from scratch or enhancing an existing one, TSHA’s developmentally-aligned American Emergent Curriculum (AEC) offers a flexible, inclusive framework that supports diverse learning needs.

• Tailored Learning: TSHA’s AEC curriculum allows educators to customize lessons based on each student’s strengths and challenges, ensuring that children with special needs get the attention they deserve.

• Support for Microschool Leaders: TSHA provides resources for microschool founders, including guidance on curriculum delivery, materials, and building a community.

• Therapy Integration: For children requiring additional services such as speech or occupational therapy, TSHA’s flexible model can integrate these therapies into the learning schedule, making it a comprehensive solution for special education needs.

Incorporating TSHA’s AEC curriculum into a microschool setting helps create a nurturing, dynamic learning environment that is personalized for each student, fostering both academic and social growth.

Learn more about starting a micro school with TSHA!

2. Homeschool Co-ops (Cooperative Learning Groups)

Co-ops are small, community-based learning groups where homeschooling families share teaching responsibilities. They offer a supportive environment for children with special needs, allowing for group activities, socialization, and specialized classes or therapies.

3. Hybrid Homeschooling (Online + Parent-Directed Learning)

Hybrid homeschooling combines online learning with traditional homeschooling. It’s perfect for families who want structure but also flexibility. Children with special needs benefit from this model because it allows for tailored learning and built-in support, including therapy integration.

4. Independent Homeschooling (Parent-Directed Learning)

Independent homeschooling gives parents full control over the curriculum and teaching pace. This model is ideal for children with special needs, as it allows parents to adapt lessons and schedules to meet their child’s specific learning style. Parents can also integrate therapies and life skills into the day.

5. Special Education Homeschooling Services (Therapy and Support)

Some Tennessee school districts allow homeschoolers to access public school services part-time. This means children can receive therapies like speech or occupational therapy while being homeschooled. It’s a great way to combine homeschooling flexibility with essential support services.

6. Online Resources for Special Education Support

In addition to structured homeschooling programs, many online resources offer additional support for children with special education needs. These resources provide specialized tools, lessons, and activities that help children with disabilities learn at their own pace. These online resources can be an excellent supplement to your primary homeschooling curriculum, providing extra practice and specialized support.

Check out Microschools: Legal Considerations and Requirements You Must Know 

Now that you’re familiar with the available homeschooling options and resources, let’s move on to how you can choose the ideal path for your child’s learning journey.

How to Choose the Right Homeschool Option for Your Child in Tennessee

Choosing the right homeschooling option for your child, especially when they have special education needs, is a big decision. In Tennessee, there are various options to consider, each offering different levels of flexibility, support, and resources. Here’s how to make the best choice for your child’s unique needs:

1. Assess Your Child’s Learning Needs

Start by evaluating your child’s specific needs, strengths, and challenges. Are they more comfortable with a structured routine, or do they thrive with a flexible schedule? Consider whether your child needs extra support like therapy, speech services, or life skills training, and how much hands-on learning or social interaction they require.

2. Evaluate the Level of Parental Involvement

Homeschooling requires varying levels of parental involvement, depending on the model you choose. Independent homeschooling means full responsibility for curriculum planning, teaching, and progress tracking. Co-ops or hybrid models offer shared responsibilities, while microschools may require you to be involved, but also provide support from other educators. Choose a model that fits your time, energy, and ability to support your child’s learning.

3. Consider the Flexibility You Need

Tennessee offers homeschooling models with different levels of flexibility. Some families prefer a completely customized, flexible approach where lessons can be adapted to the child’s pace and learning style. Others might opt for online programs or structured curricula that offer built-in support while still allowing for some flexibility in scheduling. Think about how much control you want over the schedule and the ability to adjust the learning plan based on your child’s progress.

4. Look for Resources and Support

Think about the resources you’ll need, especially if your child requires special education support. Some families choose homeschooling co-ops for the additional help they provide, while others prefer using online platforms or joining local support groups. For families with special education needs, TSHA’s AEC curriculum offers inclusive resources that can be easily integrated into any homeschooling or microschool setup, providing access to a wide variety of tools and support.

5. Review Tennessee’s Legal Requirements

Make sure the option you choose complies with Tennessee’s homeschooling laws. You’ll need to file a Notice of Intent, maintain an academic portfolio, and submit annual evaluations. Some models, like co-ops and microschools, may also require additional documentation or compliance with local regulations. Be aware of these legal requirements to ensure your homeschooling plan is valid and compliant.

6. Get Feedback from Other Homeschooling Families

Talk to other homeschooling families in Tennessee, especially those who have children with special education needs. Joining local groups or online forums can provide valuable insights into which homeschooling models work best. Families with experience can share practical advice, resources, and recommendations, helping you make an informed decision.

Conclusion

Homeschooling in Tennessee provides an incredible opportunity to offer a personalized, flexible education for children with special education needs. Whether you choose independent homeschooling, co-ops, hybrid models, or microschooling, the ability to tailor learning to your child's unique needs is invaluable. By considering your child’s learning style, the level of parental involvement, available resources, and Tennessee’s legal requirements, you can create the ideal educational environment.

For those looking for comprehensive support, TSHA (The School House Anywhere) offers a flexible and developmentally aligned curriculum that can be easily adapted to your child’s needs. With resources, community support, and guidance, TSHA helps make homeschooling an effective and enriching experience for both parents and students.

Visit The School House Anywhere today to help create the perfect learning environment for your child!

FAQs

Q1: Is homeschooling legal in Tennessee?

Yes, homeschooling is legal in Tennessee. Parents must file a Notice of Intent to homeschool and maintain an academic portfolio.

Q2: Can my child with special education needs receive therapy while being homeschooled?

While public school services like therapy are not automatically available, some districts allow homeschoolers to access services on a part-time basis. You can also explore private options.

Q3: What subjects do I need to teach for homeschooling in Tennessee?

Tennessee law requires homeschooling in core subjects such as reading, math, science, and social studies. You have the freedom to choose your curriculum.

Q4: Are there testing requirements for homeschooled children?

Yes, homeschooled children in Tennessee must take standardized tests in grades 5, 7, and 9, and submit annual progress reports to the local district.

Q5: Can homeschooling work for children with special needs like autism or ADHD?

Absolutely. Homeschooling offers flexibility in pacing, teaching methods, and therapy integration, making it an ideal option for children with special education needs.